Selenium User Guide

Selenium User Guide

Prerequisites:

Selenium IDE : This is a Mozilla Firefox’s addon and can be downloaded from http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-ide/1.0.10/selenium-ide-1.0.10.xpi . An addon will ask permission for installation. Follow the steps and restart firefox. Now Selenium IDE is installed and can be accessed through Mozilla Firefox > Tools > Selenium IDE.(Note: The provided link should be opened only through Mozilla Firefox Browser)

SeleniumRCServer: This can be downloadedhttp://selenium.googlecode.com/files/selenium-remote-control-1.0.3.zip .

Nunit:Thiscanbedownloadedfromhttp://launchpad.net/nunitv2/2.5/2.5.9/+download/NUnit-2.5.9.10348.msi .

Microsoft Visual Studio

JRE 1.5 or later

Test Script types in Selenium:

Basic tabular scripts.

Advanced scripts.

Basic tabular scripts

The scripts recorded by Selenium IDE are initially in this format. These scripts are in the tabular format and run by Selenium IDE itself.

Advanced scripts

These scripts are programming language specific. And can run through Nunit + RC Server.

Steps to run Basic Scripts

Start Selenium IDE.

Go to File > Open (Navigate to the location where basic scripts are available)

Select the script(the script will be selected to run)

Click the PLAY button and the script will run.

Result Evaluation

Result can be analyzed from result status bar. If script is passed then Failure=0 and Run = 1 (in case one test script is run at a time). If script is passed then Failure=1 and Run = 0.

Steps to run Advanced scripts

Download and install Nunit, JRE 1.5 or later, Visual Studio and Mozilla Firefox.

Download Selenium RC server.

Configure dot net client drivers (as specified below)

Copy and paste the advanced script into the class1 created in Visual studio in step 3.

Click f6 to Build.

Now open command prompt.

Navigate to the location where Selenium RC is downloaded.

e.g. if it is located in ‘E’ drive then go to: “E:\selenium-remote-control-1.0.3\selenium-server-1.0.3”

In the command prompt run the command. “java -jar selenium-server.jar”. (Don’t close the command prompt)

Open Nunit.

Go to File > Open Project

Navigate to the Visual Studio 2008 > Projects > Selenium Project > Selenium Project > Bin > Debug.

Select Selenium Project.dll.

In Nunit click ‘Run’.

The script will run now in 2 Mozilla Firefox browsers and if the status will be failed then there will be a red bar in Nunit and if status will be passed then the bar will be green.

Among two browsers one will display the log and other will execute the script in GUI format.

The browsers will be automatically closed when the test case is completed.

.NET client driver configuration

.NET client Driver can be used with Microsoft Visual Studio. To configure it with Visual Studio do as Following.

1. Launch Visual Studio and navigate to File > New > Project.

2. Select Visual C# > Class Library > Name your project > Click on OK button.

3. A Class (.cs) is created. Rename it as appropriate.Under right hand pane of Solution Explorer right click on References > Add References.

4. Select following dll files - nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit.framework.dll,ThoughtWorks. Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll and click on Ok button.

Working with WebDriver

In this Post, we shall:
‹‹ Run a test with Firefox
‰‰ Working with Firefox profiles
‹‹ Run a test with Google Chrome or Chromium
‰‰ Updating the capabilities of the browser
‹‹ Run a test with Opera
‰‰ Working with Opera Profiles
‹‹ Run a test with Internet Explorer
‰‰ Working with Internet Explorer Driver
So let's get on with it...

Working with FirefoxDriver

FirefoxDriver is the easiest driver to use, since everything that we need to use is all bundled
with the Java client bindings that we used in the previous chapter.
In the next section we are going to see about loading the browser and typing to the screen.
This is what we will be doing in most of our applications.

We are going to do the basic task of loading the browser and type into the page.
1. Update the setUp() method to load the FirefoxDriver();
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
2. Now we need to find an element. In this section we will find the one with
the ID nextBid:
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("nextBid"));
3. Now we need to type into that element:
element.sendKeys("100");
4. Run your test and it should look like the following:
public class TestChapter6 {
WebDriver driver;
@Before
public void setUp(){
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://book.theautomatedtester.co.uk/chapter4");
}
@After
public void tearDown(){
driver.quit();

Working with WebDriver

}
@Test
public void testExamples(){
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("nextBid"));
element.sendKeys("100");
}

}


A lot of people like to use Firebug with WebDriver but get really annoyed with the First
Run page.
1. To get around this, we are going to have to update the version of Firebug in your
Firefox Preferences.
2. We will set the version to 99.9:
public class TestChapter6 {
WebDriver driver;
@Before
public void setUp(){
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.addExtension("firebug.xpi");
profile.setPreference("extensions.firebug.currentVersion",
"99.9");
driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile);
driver.get("http://book.theautomatedtester.co.uk/chapter4");
}
@After
public void tearDown(){
driver.quit();
}
@Test
public void testExamples(){
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("nextBid"));
element.sendKeys("100");
}

}

Introduction to Selenium

Introduction to Selenium

What is Selenium? Selenium is a free (open source) automated testing suite for web applications across different browsers and platforms.It is quite similar to HP Quick Test Pro (QTP) only that Selenium focuses on automating web-based applications. Selenium is not just a single tool but a suite of softwares, each catering to different testing needs of an organization. It has four components. Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Selenium Remote Control (RC) WebDriver Selenium Grid

At the moment, Selenium RC and WebDriver are merged into a single framework to form Selenium 2. Selenium 1, by the way, refers to Selenium RC. 

Who developed Selenium?

Since Selenium is a collection of different tools, it had different developers as well. Below are the key persons who made notable contributions to the Selenium Project

Birth of Selenium Core Primarily, Selenium was created by Jason Huggins in 2004. An engineer at ThoughtWorks, he was working on a web application that required frequent testing. Having realized that the repetitious manual testing of their application was becoming more and more inefficient, he created a JavaScript program that would automatically control the browser's actions. He named this program as the "JavaScriptTestRunner." Seeing potential in this idea to help automate other web applications , he made JavaScriptRunner open-source which was later re-named as Selenium Core.

The Same Origin Policy Issue

Same Origin policy prohibits JavaScript code from accessing elements from a domain that is different from where it was launched. Example, the HTML code in www.google.com uses a JavaScript program "randomScript.js". The same origin policy will only allow randomScript.js to access pages within google.com such as google.com/mail, google.com/login, or google.com/signup. However, it cannot access pages from different sites such as yahoo.com/search or guru99.com because they belong to different domains.

This is the reason why prior to Selenium RC, testers needed to install local copies of both Selenium Core (a JavaScript program) and the web server containing the web application being tested so they would belong to the same domain

Birth of Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC)

Unfortunately; testers using Selenium Core had to install the whole application under test and the web server on their own local computers because of the restrictions imposed by the same origin policy. So another ThoughtWork's engineer, Paul Hammant, decided to create a server that will act as an HTTP proxy to "trick" the browser into believing that Selenium Core and the web application being tested come from the same domain. This system became known as theSelenium Remote Control or Selenium 1.

Birth of Selenium Grid

Selenium Grid was developed by Patrick Lightbody to address the need of minimizing test execution times as much as possible. He initially called the system "Hosted QA." It was capable of capturing browser screenshots during significant stages, and also of sending out Selenium commands to different machines simultaneously.

Birth of Selenium IDE

Shinya Kasatani of Japan created Selenium IDE, a Firefox extension that can automate the browser through a record-and-playback feature. He came up with this idea to further increase the speed in creating test cases. He donated Selenium IDE to the Selenium Project in 2006.

Birth of WebDriver

Simon Stewart created WebDriver circa 2006 when browsers and web applications were becoming more powerful and more restrictive with JavaScript programs like Selenium Core.It was the first cross-platform testing framework that could control the browser from the OS level.

Birth of Selenium 2

In 2008, the whole Selenium Team decided to merge WebDriver and Selenium RC to form a more powerful tool  called Selenium 2, with WebDriver being the core. Currently, Selenium RC is still being developed but only in maintenance mode. Most of the Selenium Project's efforts are now focused on Selenium 2.

So, Why the Name Selenium?

It came from a joke which Jason cracked one time to his team. Another automated testing framework was popular during Selenium's development, and it was by the company called Mercury Interactive (yes, the company who originally made QTP before it was acquired by HP). Since Selenium is a well-known antidote for Mercury poisoning, Jason suggested that name. His teammates took it, and so that is how we got to call this framework up to the present.

Brief Introduction Selenium IDE

Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the simplest framework in the Selenium suite and is the easiest one to learn. It is a Firefox plugin that you can install as easily as you can with other plugins. However, because of its simplicity, Selenium IDE should only be used as a prototyping tool. If you want to create more advanced test cases, you will need to use either Selenium RC or WebDriver.

 

Brief Introduction Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC)

Selenium RC was the flagship testing framework of the whole Selenium project for a long time. This is the first automated web testing tool that allowed users to use a programming language they prefer.As of version 2.25.0, RC can support the following programming languages:

• Java
• C#
• PHP
• Python
• Perl
• Ruby

Brief Introduction WebDriver

The WebDriver proves itself to be better than both Selenium IDE and Selenium RC in many aspects. It implements a more modern and stable approach in automating the browser's actions. WebDriver, unlike Selenium RC, does not rely on JavaScript for automation. It controls the browser by directly communicating to it.

The supported languages are the same as those in Selenium RC.

• Java
• C#
• PHP
• Python
• Perl
• Ruby

Selenium Grid

Selenium Grid is a tool used together with Selenium RC to run parallel tests across different machines and different browsers all at the same time. Parallel execution means running multiple tests at once.

Features:

• Enables simultaneous running of tests in multiple browsers and environments.
• Saves timeenormously.
• Utilizes the hub-and-nodes concept. The hub acts as a central source of Selenium commands to each node connected to it.

Note on Browser and Environment Support

Because of their architectural differences, Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, and WebDriver support different sets of browsers and operating environments.

	Selenium IDE	Selenium RC	WebDriver
Browser Support	Mozilla Firefox	Mozilla Firefox Internet Explorer Google Chrome Safari Opera Konqueror Others	Internet Explorer versions 6 to 9, both 32 and 64-bit Firefox 3.0, 3.5, 3.6, 4.0, 5.0, 6, 7 and above (current version is 16.0.1) Google Chrome 12.0.712.0 and above (current version is 22.0.1229.94 m) Opera 11.5 and above (current version is 12.02) Android - 2.3 and above for phones and tablets (devices & emulators) iOS 3+ for phones (devices & emulators) and 3.2+ for tablets (devices & emulators) HtmlUnit 2.9 and above (current version is 2.10)
Operating System	Windows Mac OS X Linux	Windows Mac OS X Linux Solaris	All operating systems where the browsers above can run.

How to Choose the Right Selenium Tool for Your Need

Tool	Why Choose ?
Selenium IDE	To learn about concepts on automated testing and Selenium, including: Selenese commands such as type, open, clickAndWait, assert, verify, etc. Locators such as id, name, xpath, css selector, etc. Executing customized JavaScript code using runScript Exporting test cases in various formats. To create tests with little or no prior knowledge in programming. To create simple test cases and test suites that you can export later to RC or WebDriver. To test a web application against Firefox only.
Selenium RC	To design a test using a more expressive language than Selenese To run your test against different browsers (except HtmlUnit) on different operating systems. To deploy your tests across multiple environments using Selenium Grid. To test your application against a new browser that supports JavaScript. To test web applications with complex AJAX-based scenarios.
WebDriver	To use a certain programming language in designing your test case. To test applications that are rich in AJAX-based functionalities. To execute tests on the HtmlUnit browser. To create customized test results.
Selenium Grid	To run your Selenium RC scripts in multiple browsers and operating systems simultaneously. To run a huge test suite, that need to complete in soonest time possible.

A Comparison between Selenium and QTP

Quick Test Professional(QTP) is a proprietary automated testing tool previously owned by the companyMercury Interactive before it was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2006. The Selenium Tool Suite has many advantages over  QTP (as of version 11) as detailed below -

Advantages of Selenium over QTP

Selenium	QTP
Open source, free to use, and free of charge.	Commercial.
Highly extensible	Limited add-ons
Can run tests across different browsers	Can only run tests in Firefox , Internet Explorer andChrome
Supports various operating systems	Can only be used in Windows
Supports mobile devices	Supports mobile devise using 3rd party software
Can execute tests while the browser is minimized	Needs to have the application under test to be visible on the desktop
Can execute tests in parallel.	Can only execute in parallel but using Quality Center which is again a paid product.

Advantages of QTP over Selenium

QTP	Selenium
Can test both web and desktop applications	Can only test web applications
Comes with a built-in object repository	Has no built-in object repository
Automates faster than Seleniumbecause it is a fully featured IDE.	Automates at a slower rate because it does not have a native IDE and only third party IDE can be used for development
Data-driven testing is easier to perform because it has built-in global and local data tables.	Data-driven testing is more cumbersome since you have to rely on the programming language's capabilities for setting values for your test data
Can access controls within the browser(such as the Favorites bar, Address bar, Back and Forward buttons, etc.)	Cannot access elements outside of the web application under test
Provides professional customer support	No official user support is being offered.
Has native capability to export test datainto external formats	Has no native capability to export runtime data onto external formats
Parameterization Support is in built	Parameterization can be done via programming but is difficult to implement.
Test Reports are generated automatically	No native support to generate test /bug reports.

Though clearly, QTP has more advanced capabilities, Selenium outweighs QTP in three main areas:

• Cost(because Selenium is completely free)
• Flexibility(because of a number of programming languages, browsers, and platforms it can support)
• Parallel testing(something that QTP is capable of but only with use of Quality Center)

Summary

• The entire Selenium Tool Suite is comprised of four components:
• Selenium IDE, a Firefox add-on that you can only use in creating relatively simple test cases and test suites.
• Selenium Remote Control, also known as Selenium 1, which is the first Selenium tool that allowed users to use programming languages in creating complex tests.
• WebDriver, the newer breakthrough that allows your test scripts to communicate directly to the browser, thereby controlling it from the OS level.
• Selenium Gridis also a tool that is used with Selenium RC to execute parallel tests across different browsers and operating systems.
• Selenium RC and WebDriver was merged to form Selenium 2.
• Selenium is more advantageous than QTP in terms of costs and flexibility. It also allows you to run tests in parallel, unlike in QTP where you are only allowed to run tests sequentially.

Selenium Defination

Selenium is an open source automation testing tool for web based applications. Its easy to use,strong and is very flexible. You can work on many operating systems using selenium and you can code in any one of the following languages when using selenium.

Languages supported by Selenium
- Java
- C#
- Ruby
- Pyton
- PHP
- Pearl

Browsers supported by Selenium
- Mozilla(till latest version)
- IE 6,7,8
- Google chrome
- Opera8,9,10


The language which you use is independent of the language in which your application is made. Fox example if your application is made in C#, then you can use selenium with any languages mentioned above to test it. You need to know atleast one programming languages mentioned above in order to learn selenium.
Operating systems Supported by Selenium include windows, mac, linux, unix and many more.


Components of Selenium
- Selenium IDE: Installs as an addon in Mozilla.Only runs in Mozilla. Its got a strong feature of record and run. You can also extend IDE functionality with the help of user extensions. It supports regular extensions, loops, if statements and many other features. You can also parameterize your test cases using IDE. Click here to view 4 hours of Selenium IDE video tutorial.
- Selenium RC: This is the older version of selenium. It works on multiple browsers. RC can be implemented in any one of the programming languages mentioned abve. Click here to view a tutrial covering selenium RC installation and Selenium Tests.
- Webdriver: Webdriver is the new version of selenium. It also works on multiple browsers. Its removed many drawbacks and issues in Selenium RC. It also supports Android and Iphone Testing. Click here to view a tutorial on Webdriver installation and writing Selenium tests.
- Grid: Grid is used to run test cases parallely on multiple machines and browsers.

Certain Features which make it a strong tool to use are:
- Open source
- Works on multiple browsers and multiple operating systems as compared to other tools in market.
- You can develop selenium code and make it run parallely on multiple machines using different browsers.
- Support for Android and Iphone Testing.
- Selenium IDE is a simple tool which comes as an addon in firefox and is easy to use. It has the record and run feature which is very strong.
- You can also extend the functionality/scope of IDE with the help of many plugins available
- You can also create your own Selenium IDE plugins
- Selenium RC is the older version of selenium and is supporting all the languages mentioned above
- Webdriver is the latest version of selenium and is very strong. Its removed lots of drawbacks in RC and introduced many more features in selenium. - Selenium when used with Hudson can be used for Continuous integration.
- Object oriented datadriven or hybrid testing framework can be made very easily.
- You can use open source frameworks such as junit, testng, nuint etc and can write selenium test cases in them